Burns and Scalds

Warnings 1. Never put butter or greasy ointments on a burn. They seal heat into the wound and may cause infection. 2. Always seek medical attention if: - Victim is a child or elderly - Burn covers more than one body part. - Burn is located on any sensitive area of the body (hands, face, feet, etc.) - Burn is third degree - Burn is caused by chemicals

First Degree Burns

First degree burns damage the outer layer of skin.

Signs 1. Redness 2. Mild pain 3. Swelling
Treatment 1.Plunge the burned area into cold water, or hold it under a cold running tab for 10 minutes or until the pain stops or lessens. 2. Cover with a clean gauze dressing for protection.

Second Degree Burns

Second degree burns go through to the second layer of skin.

Signs 1. Blisters 2. Rough, red skin 3. Swelling 4. Extreme pain
Treatment 1. Remove all clothing, jewellery and watches from the burned area unless it is sticking to the skin.
2. Pour copious amounts of cold water over the affected area for at least 10 minutes. 3. Gently blot area dry. Do not rub. Rubbing may break the blisters, opening it to infection.
4. Lightly cover the entire burned area with a clean, dry dressing (sterile if possible). If fluid soaks through, cover with another layer. An arm or leg can be protected inside a clean plastic bag. 5. Raise a burned arm or leg to reduce swelling, but be careful not to burst any blisters. 6. Call a doctor immediately.

Third Degree Burns

Third degree burns are less painful than second degree burns because the nerve
cells in the affected tissue are actually destroyed, but the damage is greater. The
burn goes through to the third layer of skin.

Characteristics 1. Whitish or charred appearance

Treatment 1. Do not remove any clothing near or at the site of the burn. 2. Do not apply cold water or medication to the burn. 3. Place clean, dry cloths (strips of a clean sheet) over the damaged area. 4. If burns are on arms or legs, raise the arm or leg to reduce swelling. 5. If victim has burns on face, check frequently to make sure he is not having difficulty breathing. 6. Get victim to a hospital immediately.

Sun Burn

Treatment

1. Remove the victim to the shade and cool the skin by sponging gently with
cold water.
2. Give sips of cold water at frequent intervals.
3. If the burns are mild, gently apply an after sun cream.
4. For extensive blistering, seek medical help.